American Democracy and Asiatic Citizenship-1919

1: He talks about Japan's expanding population and their desire for a higher standard of living.

2: Then he talks about territorial expansion.

There are two problems with this, though. First, neither he nor anyone else that I have read that has used the expanding population discussion has said a single word about Japan trying to implement a birth-control program to hold down the expansion. Secondly, territorial expansion should assume (but almost never does from a politician's viewpoint) that there is unused territory to expand into.

If all the territory around a country is used, then expanding into that territory is at the least a policy of colonialism, and at worst an act of war.

He's referring to the agreement between Japan and the U.S. to limit and stop the Japanese immigration to the U.S., and how some people in the U.S. think there should be laws and not agreements to limit and stop Japanese immigration.

1:Many Japanese resent the agreement, though, and still want to settle in the U.S.

2: They point out that the U.S. has no problem accepting immigrants from Europe, so why not immigrants from Japan and that is, of course, a very valid point.

He talks about the anti-Japanese movement in California.

How some Japanese are treated in the U.S.

The Japanese want to be treated equally as other immigrants.

The two main questions are Japanese immigration and, once they are here, can they become citizens.

The Japanese view.

A table examining the numbers of Japanese farmers, and what percentage of all farmers they compose.

More statistics relating to farming.

More information on farming.

Anti-Japanese agitation.

He cites a Japanese-and-labor thing that actually is positive rather than negative.

Another positive sign of the relationship of organized labor and the Japanese.

Another aspect of citizenship for the Japanese that is not covered elsewhere; the majority of them would have trouble becoming citizens not because of being Japanese, but because of being uneducated and unable to speak, write and read English.

He thinks that the Japanese could become citizens and can assimilate into the larger culture. Because the Issei cannot become citizens, though, this opens them to increased prejudice.

1: It's hard to want to assimilate when you are treated so badly and at least part of your group cannot even legally become citizens.

2: The problem should not be as bad for children since they will more easily assimilate into the larger culture by their experience and learning in schools.

He says that immigration should be tightly controlled, but once someone is allowed to immigrate, then they should be treated fairly and equally.

Japanese Christian activities in the U.S.

Being a Christian helps Japanese assimilate better.

Hawaii is very racially mixed.

The various races in Hawaii have gotten along quite well.

Male and female Japanese populations in Hawaii.

Japanese tend to marry within their race. (This, though, was also an argument used against them, that they kept to themselves so strictly.)

The Japanese get better work contracts then other races since they are better workers.

When you examine the races of pupils in Hawaiian schools it becomes very obvious just how much of a mixed-race territory was Hawaii.

Japanese language schools.

However, the teenage Japanese in Hawaii do not desire to return to Japan (since they have adopted Western culture to some degree), and the effectiveness of Japanese language schools as a tool of Japanese indoctrination is decreasing markedly.

Although the big-money people recognize Japanese progress, they are frightened of when the Japanese teenagers will become old enough to vote and might challenge the established power structure in Hawaii.

Which side would Japanese in Hawaii support if war came?

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